Shadow Stick Method
Also called: shadow tip method, sun compass, find east and west, stick and shadow
Mark the tip of a stick's shadow twice, about 15 minutes apart. The line between the marks runs roughly west to east.
- Type
- Techniques
- You need
- A straight stick about a yard long, two small stones or pegs, and a sunny day on level ground
- Steps
- Push the stick upright, mark the shadow tip, wait 10 to 15 minutes, mark it again, and draw a line through the marks
- Result
- The line runs west (first mark) to east (second mark); north is at right angles to it
- Accuracy
- Good for a rough direction, within several degrees on a good day
- Used for
- Sun & stars, Hiking & camping, Hunting
What it is good for
- Finding east and west without a compass.
- Checking a compass that you suspect is wrong.
Where it falls short
- Needs clear sun and a few minutes of waiting.
- Less accurate very near the equator or at times when the Sun is almost overhead.
- Does not work at night or under heavy cloud.
Tips
- Use level ground and keep the stick still.
- If you can wait longer, a longer gap between marks gives a more accurate line.
Works well with
- Finding North by the Stars: the night version.
- Natural Navigation Myths: other tricks that are less reliable.
Field notes
The Sun moves from east to west across the sky, so a shadow moves the other way. The tip of the shadow therefore drifts from west toward east, which gives you the line.
Related guides
Numbers here are typical, and values such as magnetic declination change over time and place, so check a current source such as NOAA or your map's legend. Practice near home before you rely on a skill far from help, carry a paper map and compass as a backup, and tell someone your plan. Rules on electronics, land access, and trespass differ by state; our state resources directory links to each state's official regulations. Want a step-by-step guide? Read Trail Navigation Basics.