.410 Bore
Also called: .410, 410 gauge, four-ten
The smallest common shotgun, with almost no recoil, popular for squirrels, rabbits, and as a first gun, but it demands close shots and skill.
- Type
- Shotgun
- Bore
- .410 in (nominal)
- Shell length
- 2½ in (also 3 in)
- Typical loads
- Shot loads of about 1/2 to 11/16 ounce, or a single slug
- Typical muzzle velocity
- About 1,135 to 1,300 fps
- Recoil
- Light recoil
- Quarry
- Small game, Birds & turkey
- Typical range
- Small game to about 25 yards
- Availability
- Common, but costs more per shot than 12 or 20 gauge
Safety: The .410 is a bore measurement, not a gauge, and its shells are the smallest of the common shotgun shells. They can slip into a larger-gauge chamber, so never carry them with other gauges.
What it is good for
- Squirrels and rabbits at close range.
- A first shotgun for young shooters sensitive to recoil.
- Light, compact guns for small game and pest control.
Where it falls short
- The shot charge is small, so patterns are thin and the effective range is short.
- It is not recommended for beginners on flying birds despite the mild recoil, since it is harder to hit with.
- It is not suited to waterfowl or turkey in most situations.
Easily confused with
- 28 Gauge: a slightly larger shotshell with more shot and a bit more reach.
Field notes
The .410 is named for its bore diameter in inches rather than a gauge number. The shell comes in 2½-inch and 3-inch lengths, and a gun must be marked for the longer one to fire it.
Related guides
Numbers are typical factory-load figures, not guarantees. Use only ammunition that matches the cartridge stamped on your firearm and is made by a reputable manufacturer, and follow the manual. Legal game cartridges, minimum calibers, and non-toxic shot rules differ by state and area. Check your state's current regulations; our state resources directory links to each state's official rules. Not sure which rifle to buy? Try our hunting rifle wizard.